''''''''' FonePal, using cross-device integration to solve voice menu navigation problems. Instant messaging is used to deliver a visual version of a phone menu to a computer screen. A user could then scan choices and make a selection instead of sifting through menus.

''''''''' MASTOR, or Multilngual Automatic Speech-to-Speech Translator, providing bidirectional speech-to-speech translation for communication in different languages. Persons not speaking the same language could communicate.