"Wesco will continue to work with federal authorities and credit card companies to identify and hold accountable those responsible for the fraud," the statement read.

Campbell said she has spoken with Visa USA's fraud team about the possibility of Wesco being a source of the compromise, but so far no one has been willing to make that link. "Nobody will admit to that yet," she said. "So its up to everybody to infer what they want."

In an e-mailed statement, Visa U.S.A. Inc. said it is working with Wesco to investigate a possible data compromise. "All Visa account information is being quickly collected and will be provided to the impacted card issuers as soon as possible so they can take steps to protect cardholders.

"It's important for consumer cardholders to know they are fully protected against fraudulent purchases with Visa's zero liability fraud protection policy," Visa said.

News of the card recall comes after a lull in such incidents this year. In February and March, a wave of debit card fraud worldwide prompted several major financial institutions -- including Bank of America, Citibank, Washington Mutual Bank and Wells Fargo Bank -- to block and reissue tens of thousands of debit cards.