The U.S. Election Assistance Commission, created by HAVA. The federal body has taken over independent testing of e-voting machines from the National Association of State Election Directors (NASED). EAC has not yet released e-voting reliability guidelines, and HAVA guarantees that they would be only that -- guidelines, nothing binding.

Election Incident Reporting System (EIRS)

A production of the Verified Voting Foundation, the Web-based EIRS allows volunteers and users to log reports of election problems. The logged 175,000 calls and 42,841 incidents concerning the 2004 election. The system is expected to be active again this year.

E-voting (electronic voting)

Convincing proof of Voltaire's observation that the perfect is the enemy of the good. As the authors of the study put it: