But various STEM bills differ in key respects, such whether the program should be limited to research universities. Defining STEM fields may be another hurdle.

There is also concern that such legislation would lead to the emergence of advanced degree diploma mills.

Though a straight H-1B increase appears off the table at this time, that doesn't mean the cap can't still be changed to appease the concerns of the tech industry.

Lawmakers can increase the number of H-1B visas available for engineers and programmers by eliminating some categories in this temporary work visa program, such as fashion models. About half of all H-1B visas issued in any year go to tech workers.

Lawmakers will move cautiously if at all, in part, because of flat overall employment growth.