To assign an Android widget to one of your home screens, just press and hold a blank space on one of those home screens, i.e., a place with no other widgets or applications. And then choose the Android Widgets option for access to third-party app-widgets. On the following screen, scroll through all your third-party widgets and pick the ones you want to display on your home screen panes.
You should see another widget-option after holding your finger on a blank home-screen page, as well, for core system widgets. But its name will differ based on model, manufacturer and OS version. For in example, my Motorola Atrix 4G has another widget-option called Motorola Widgets that offers another set of widgets, including ones that let me toggle my various wireless-radios on and off, and quickly start and stop music, etc.
Not all Android apps offer widget-functionality, but many do, so be sure to check to see if your favorite app has a widget.
(Note: Android widgets that update themselves can drain a lot of battery power, depending on individual settings, so it's not a wise idea to pack your home-screens with widgets that you won't actually use.)