U.S. companies since April 1 have filed some 42,000 petitions with the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services agency for 65,000 H-1B Specialty Occupation Visas available for 2010, a fraction of previous years' petitions. In 2007, the USCIS received some in a matter of days, and in 2008 the agency conducted a after 163,000 petitions were filed in less than a week.

Because this year's cap hasn't been reached, the USCIS will continue to accept applications for the 65,000 general H-1B visas (as well as for the 20,000 visas made available to recipients of a graduate degree from a U.S. university; roughly 20,000 petitions for these advanced degree visas have been received so far in April, but the agency expects not all will be approved).

Industry watchers say the paltry number of petitions filed shows that despite U.S. lawmakers working to restrict the number of H-1B visas permitted, the market will dictate what the country needs in terms of hiring foreign talent.

"There is no need to do a lottery this year, and these numbers show that the market for H-1B is self-regulating. The cap mandated by Congress is artificial," says Eleanor Pelta, a partner at law firm Morgan, Lewis & Bockius in Washington, D.C., and an official with the American Immigration Lawyers Association. "Congress should let the program regulate itself because this year proves that employers will apply for the numbers they need according to the dictates of the economy."

Nonetheless, in the economic stimulus package have proposed to limit those companies receiving government funds from hiring foreign nationals without first exhausting all other U.S. options. For instance, one provision would restrict H-1B hiring at companies that have received funds from the Trouble Assets Relief Program (TARP) and that have more than 15% of their workers on visas; these companies would be required to prove they have diligently recruited American workers for the position and that in hiring a foreign national they are not replacing a U.S. citizen.