computerwoche.de

Archiv

Network Neutrality and Protocol Discrimination

22.11.2010
In an ideal Internet all packets would be treated as equal by the Internet Service Providers (ISP) and backbone operators who transport them across cyberspace. Unfortunately, this is not always the case since many ISPs restrict or completely block Internet access to some services by discriminating against certain network protocols.

Several telecommunication companies, who are also offering Internet access, have for example been known to (VoIP) in their networks. The underlying reason for this discrimination has in most cases been because the telecommunication providers see Skype as a competitor to their own telephony services. Peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing applications are also often blocked or bandwidth limited by ISPs.

Network Neutrality

The principle of network neutrality (also known as "internet openness") advocates that users should be able to send and receive data across the Internet without having the traffic discriminated based on content, application, protocol, source or destination. An ISP who is limiting the bandwidth of one or several P2P protocols is thereby violating the network neutrality principle. The legal requirements for ISPs to comply with the network neutrality principle varies between countries. However, from an ethical point of view it is pretty obvious that it should be the users, not the ISPs, who decide what protocols and applications can be used on the Internet. The network neutrality principle also protects the concept of an open Internet that allows for democratic communication.

Blocking of P2P File Sharing

P2P file sharing is a technology for efficient sharing of data between peers across the Internet. Just as with any other technology for transferring files, P2P file sharing can be used for sharing lawful as well as unlawful content. There is a great deal of lawful content, such as open-licensed software and digital media, that can be downloaded through P2P file sharing. Unfortunately, the amount of unlawful content available on P2P file sharing networks is significantly greater. Copyright violation, however, is not usually a concern for ISPs. The reason many ISPs block P2P traffic is because more than half of the traffic on the Internet is P2P traffic (according to the Ipoque Internet Study 2008/2009), and a small group of active P2P users can typically use up the majority of an ISPs available bandwidth.